2011년 PART C(API 1104) 문제 유형

2011년 PART C(API 1104) 문제 유형

전체적으로 APP A.에서 많은 문제들이 나왔고 지문과 정확하게 일치하는 문제가 약 70%정도라면 나머지 30%정도는 지문에는 있으나 질문을 정확히 이해하고 1104상의 내용을 읽고 이해해야지 보기에서 답을 고를 수 있는 문제들로 구성되었던 것 같습니다. 그리고 9장 결함의 합부판정에 관한 문제 또한 빠지지 않고 많이 나왔습니다. 중간 중간 빠지는 번호는 거의 9장의 문제였던 걸로 기억합니다.

 

1. 11.1.11 Image processing.

The images are interpretable for at least 3 years after they are produced.

 

2 & 17. 9.3.6 Internal concavity.

Any length of internal concavity is acceptable, provided the density of the radiographic image of the internal concavity does not exceed that of the thinnest adjacent parent material.

 

3. 7.8.2 Filler and finish beads.

Two beads shall not be started at the same location. The face of the completed weld should be approximately 1/8in(3mm) wider than the width of the original groove.

 

4. 8.4.1 procedures.

Only Level II or III personnel shall interpret test results.

 

5. 10.1.1 Cracks

Cracks may be repaired provided the length of the crack is less than 8% of the weld length and a qualified repair welding procedure is used.

 

6. 5.4.2.8 Time between passes

An increase in the maximum time between completion of the root bead and the start of the second bead constitutes an essential variable.

essential variable을 묻는 문제로 보기에서 Maximum이 아닌 Minimum으로 적고 답을 찾게 하는 문제(5장의 specification 과 essential variable 문제는 중복해서 다수 출제 되었음.)

 

7. 7.10 Identification of welds

Each welder shall idiintify his work in the manner prescribed by the company.

 

8. 5.6.2.3 Tensile-strength test requirements

The tensile strength of the weld, including the fusion zone of each specimen, shall be greater than or equal to the specified minimum tensile strenght of the pipe material but need not be greater than or equal to the actual tensile strength of the material.

 

9. 5.6.4.1 Root and Face-bend test preparation.

The root- xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx transveres to the weld. 의 내용을 보기에서 주고 맞는 것(틀린 것) 찾는 문제

 

10. 9.3.1 Inadequate penetration without High-low

Inadequate xxx xxx 내용 후 맞는 것(틀린 것) 찾는 문제

 

 

11. 6.4 Visual examination

For a qualification test weld to xxxx xxxx xxx testing.

Undercut 에 대한 사항을 보기에 주어놓고 맞는 것(틀린 것) 찾는 문제

 

12. A.5.1.5 Transverse planar imperfections.

The height of the stacked imperfections from weld starts and stops shall not exceed 50% of the wall thickness.(문제를 응용해서 푸는 문제 기출문제에 있음.)

When using the alternative girth welding what is the max height of stacked imperfection from weld starting ans stop in a weld on pipe 1/2" thickness

a) 1/16 b)1/8 c) 3/16 d)1/4 5) 5/16

 

13. 4.2.3.1 Shielding Gases Types 문제

The purity and dryness of these atmospheres have great influence on welding and should be of values suitable for the process and the materials to be welded.

 

14. 5.6.3.3 Nick break test requirements.

Fisheyes, as defined in AWS A3.0, are not cause for rejection.

 

15. A.4 Qualification of Welders.

Welders shall be qualified in accordance with Section 6. for mechanized welding, each operator shall be qualified in accordance with 12.6

 

16. 7.1 General

The surfaces to be welded shall be smooth, uniform, and free from laminations, tears, scale, slag, grease, paint, and other deleterious material that might adversely affect the welding.

 

18. 7.2 Alignment

For pipe ends of the same nominal thickness, the offset should not exceed 1/8in(3 mm)

 

 

19. 5.3.2 Procedure specification information

Specification에 포함되는 사항들을 열거하고 고르는 문제,

 

20. B.1 General

For hydrogen cracking to occur, three conditions must be satisfied simultaneously. These conditions are : hydrogen in the weld, the development of a crack-ssusceptible weld microstructure, and tensile stress acting on the weld.

 

21. 5.6.3.3 Nick-break test requirements(Destructive test 관련 가장 많은 문제가 제출됨)

The exposed....xxxxx.....xxxxx...between adjacent slag inclusions.사항에 대해서 보기를 주고 맞는 것(틀린 것) 찾는 문제

 

22. 9.3.3 Inadequate cross penetration

Inadequate cross penetration(ICP) is defined as a subsurface imperfection between the first inside pass and the first outside pass that is caused by inadequately penetrating the vertical land faces. 문제에서는 Both of each side(??) 이런식으로 표현하였음. 지문과 보기가 일치하지 않아서 내용을 읽어보아야 답을 구할 수 있음.

 

 

 

23. 4.2.3.2 Shielding Gases Storage and Handling

Gases of questionable purity and those in containers that show signs of damage shall not be used.

 

24. 11.1.8

Whenever mor than one image is used to inspect a weld, identification markers shall appear on each image, and adjacent images shall overlap.

 

26. A.2.2.2 Environmental efffects on fatigue.

The enlargement of weld imperfections 엳 새 fatigue is a function of stress intensity, cycles of loading, imperfection size, and the enviroonment at the crack tip.

 

28. A.2.4 Dynamic loading

The stress analysis shall include consideration of potential dynamic loading on girth welds, such as loads from closure of check valves.

 

29. 5.8.1 Fillet welds preparation

At least four specimens shall be taken and prepared as shownn in Figure 11.

 

30. 12.1 Acceptable processes.

SAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW with or without Gases, PAW 외 하나 항목을 주고 찾는 문제

 

31. A.3.2.2.1

For each of these positions, three specimens shall have the V-notch placed in the weld centerline; and the other three shall have the V-notch placed in the HAZ such that the V-notch intersects the fusion boundary.

 

32. A.2.2.2.Environmental efffects on fatigue

In the absence of contaminating elements, oil and hydrocarbons are considered no worse than air. Water, brine, and aqueous solution that contain CO2 or H2S may, however, increase the growth rate. 내용을 해석해서 이해해야지 보기에서 답을 찾을 수 있게 문제가 나왔음. 주요 키 포인트는 oil and hydrocarbons are considered no worse than air

 

35. 11.1.2.2 Film radiography

a. Radiation source.

b. Intensifying screens.

c. Film

d. Exposure geometry

e. Exposure conditions.

f. Processing.

g. Materials.. 등. 항목에 대한 문제

 

36. A.3.2.2 Charpy impact energy.

시험 방법의 종류를 묻는 문제, Charpy V-notch impact test, CTOD Toughness testing

 

37. 12.4.2 Specification information.

Specification 항목에 대한 이해문제

 

38. 10.3.1 Repair acceptance criteria

Repaired areas shall be inspected by the same means previously used.

 

39. 7.7 Cleaning between beads.

When semiautomatic or mechanized welding is used, surface porosity clusters, bead starts, and high points shall be removed by grinding before weld metal is deposited over them.

 

40. 9.5.2 Acceptance standards(PT)

결함의 평가에 대한 문제가 나옴. PT는 최초로 나온걸로 알고 있습니다.

문제는 평가에서 a. Linear indications are evaluated as crater cracks or star cracks and exceed 5/32 in.(4mm) in length(Crater Cracks or Star Cracks로 평가된 선형지시가 길이 5/32 inch(4mm) 초과 시). 부분인데 보기에서는 5/32in(4mm)가 불합격이다라는 보기와 6mm가 불합격이다 라는 보기 2개가 나왔습니다. 자세히 읽어보지 않으면 자칫 실수로 4mm가 불합격이다에 답을 하는 실수를 범할 수 있을 것 같습니다.

 

41. A.5.3 Arc burns.

Arc burns that contain cracks visible to the eye or on conventional radiographs are not covered by this appendix and shall be repaired or removed.

 

42. B.2.1.1.1 pipe and fitting materials.

The carbon equivalent, 성분 문제

 

43. B.4.2 Welding sequence

the longitudinal seams should be completed before beginning the circumferential welds.

 

44. 6.1 Qualification of welders general 부분

A welder shall qualify for welding by performing a test on segments of pipe nipples or on full-size pipe nipples, as specified in 6.2.1. When segments of pipe nipples are used, they shall be supported so that typical flat, vertical, and overhead welds are produced.

 

45. 5.6.4.3 bend requirements.

The bend test shall xxx xxxx xxxx meet these requirements. 내용 나열 후 맞는 것(틀린 것) 찾는 문제

 

46. 7.2 Alignment

Larger variations are permissible provided the variation is caused by variations of the pipe end dimensions within the pipe purchase specification tolerances. and such variations have been distributed essentially uniformly around the circumference of the pipe.

 

49. 7.4.2 Field bevel

Pipe ends should be field beveled by machine tool or machine oxygen cutting. If authorized by the company, manual oxygen cutting may also be used.

 

50. 7.3 Use of lineup clamp for butt welds.

When it is permissible to remove the lineup clamp before the root bead is completed.

 

51. B.2.4.4.4 Requirements.

Procedures that produce HAZ hardness values in excess of 350 HV should be evaluated with regard to the risk of hydrogen cracking.

 

54. 7.5 Weather conditions

Welding shall not be done when the quality of the completed weld would be impaired by the prevailing weather conditions. including but not limited to airborne moisture, blowing snads, or high winds.

 

55. 9.3.5 Incomplete fusion Due to Cold Lap

Incomplete fusion 엳 새 cold lap(IFD) is defined as an imperfection between two adjacent weld beads or between the weld metal and the base metal that is not open to the surface. 정의를 묻는 문제와 합격 기준을 묻는 문제 나옴

 

56. 11.1.13 Radiation protection.

The radiographer shall be responsible for the protection and monitoring of every person working with or near radiation sources.

 

57. A.3.2.1.2 Requirements

a. The tensile strength shall be equal or greater than the specified minimum tensile strength of the pipe, and

b. The specimen should not fail in the weld.

 

번호확인 X. 6.3.2.1 Multiple qualification scope 문제

Scop에서 a,b,c, 항에 따라 re-qualification이 되어야 하는 답을 보기에서 고르는 문제.

특히 표 1를 활용한 Group No에 주의.

 

번호확인 X B.5 Inspection and testing of in-service welds.

Since in-service welds that contact the carrier pipe may be particularly sosceptible to underbead or delayed hydrogen cracking, and inspection method that is capable of detecting these cracks, particularly at the carrier pipe weld toe, should be used.